What management concept emphasizes continuous improvement to ensure high quality in products and services?

Total Quality Management (TQM) emphasizes continuous improvement in all aspects of an organization's operations, with a strong focus on enhancing the quality of products and services. TQM involves the commitment of everyone in the organization to maintain and improve quality, aiming to exceed customer expectations. This management philosophy promotes an organization-wide culture of quality, where processes are regularly evaluated and improved based on feedback and performance metrics. Practices associated with TQM include fostering teamwork, implementing standard operating procedures, and engaging in training to ensure that all employees are skilled and motivated to contribute to quality outcomes.

In contrast, project management is primarily concerned with the planning, executing, and closing of specific projects, rather than focusing on continuous improvement in product or service quality. Strategic management involves the overarching planning and execution of an organization's goals, which may include quality objectives but is not solely centered on quality. Human resource management focuses on managing the workforce and optimizing employee performance, which is important but does not explicitly relate to promoting continuous quality improvement across the organization as TQM does.